A. Kapangidwe kake ka CT scanner

 

Pambuyo pa chitukuko cha zaka zambiri, makina ojambulira a CT asintha kwambiri, kuphatikizapo kuwonjezeka kwa zigawo za detector ndi kuthamanga kwachangu. Komabe, zigawo zawo za hardware zimakhalabe zofanana ndipo zikhoza kugawidwa m'magulu atatu:

 

1) X-ray detector gantry

2) Konsoni yamakompyuta

3）Gome la odwala poyikirapo

4）Mwadongosolo komanso mogwira ntchito, makina ojambulira a CT amakhala ndi izi:

 

Gawo lomwe limayang'anira kusanthula kwamakompyuta ndi kukonzanso zithunzi

Gawo lamakina la kuyika kwa odwala ndi kupanga sikani, lomwe limaphatikizapo kusakatula ndi bedi

Jenereta ya X-ray yamphamvu kwambiri komanso chubu cha X-ray chopangira ma X-ray

Gawo lopeza ndi kuzindikira deta pochotsa zambiri ndi data

Kutengera mawonekedwe ofunikira awa a makina ojambulira a CT, munthu amatha kudziwa komwe akuyenera kuthana ndi zovuta ngati zitasokonekera.

 

Magulu awiri, magwero, ndi mawonekedwe a zolakwika zamakina a CT

 

Kulephera kwa makina a CT kungagawidwe m'magulu atatu: zolephera zomwe zimachitika chifukwa cha chilengedwe, zolakwika zomwe zimachitika chifukwa cha ntchito yosayenera, ndi kulephera chifukwa cha ukalamba ndi kuwonongeka kwa zigawo mkati mwa dongosolo la CT, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale kukwera kwa parameter ndi kuvala kwa makina.

 

1)Fainyambo zobwera chifukwa cha chilengedwe

Zinthu zachilengedwe monga kutentha, chinyezi, kuyeretsedwa kwa mpweya, komanso kukhazikika kwamagetsi kungapangitse kulephera kwa makina a CT. Kusakwanira kwa mpweya wabwino komanso kutentha kwazipinda zapamwamba kungayambitse zida monga magetsi kapena ma transfoma kuti zitenthe kwambiri, zomwe zitha kubweretsa kuwonongeka kwa board board. Kusokoneza kwa makina ndi kutentha kwambiri chifukwa cha kuzizira kosakwanira kungapangitse zithunzi. Kukwera kwamagetsi amagetsi a CT kumatha kusokoneza magwiridwe antchito apakompyuta, kuchititsa kusakhazikika pamakina, kuthamanga kwachilendo, kusakhazikika kwa X-ray, ndipo pamapeto pake kumakhudza mawonekedwe azithunzi. Kusayeretsedwa bwino kwa mpweya kungapangitse fumbi kudzikundikira, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale zovuta pakuwongolera kufalitsa ma siginecha. Chinyezi chochuluka chingayambitse kuperewera kwafupipafupi ndi zipangizo zamagetsi. Zinthu zachilengedwe zimatha kuwononga kwambiri makina a CT, nthawi zina ngakhale kuwononga kosatha. Chifukwa chake, kukhala ndi malo abwino ogwirira ntchito ndikofunikira kuti muchepetse kuwonongeka kwa makina a CT ndikukulitsa moyo wawo wautumiki.

 

2）Zolakwa zomwe zimachitika chifukwa cha zolakwika za anthu komanso kugwira ntchito molakwika

Zomwe zimayambitsa kulakwitsa kwa anthu zimaphatikizapo kusowa kwa nthawi yotenthetsera kapena kuwongolera, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale kufanana kwachifaniziro kapena zovuta zamtundu, komanso kuyika kwa odwala molakwika kumabweretsa zithunzi zosayenera. Zinthu zopangidwa ndi zitsulo zimatha kupangidwa odwala atavala zinthu zachitsulo panthawi yojambula. Kugwiritsa ntchito makina angapo a CT nthawi imodzi kungayambitse ngozi, ndipo kusankha kolakwika kwa magawo ojambulira kumatha kuyambitsa zithunzi. Kawirikawiri, zolakwa za anthu sizimayambitsa mavuto aakulu, malinga ngati zifukwa zake zadziwika, njira zoyenera zimatsatiridwa, ndipo dongosololi limayambiranso kapena kuyambiranso, motero kuthetsa mavutowo bwinobwino.

 

3) Kulephera kwa Hardware ndi kuwonongeka mkati mwa dongosolo la CT

Zida za CT hardware zitha kukumana ndi zolephera zopanga zawo. M'makina ambiri okhwima a CT, zolephera zimachitika molingana ndi chishalo chokhazikika pakapita nthawi, kutsatira kuthekera kwachiwerengero. Nthawi yoyikapo imadziwika ndi kulephera kwakukulu m'miyezi isanu ndi umodzi yoyambirira, kutsatiridwa ndi kulephera kokhazikika kwanthawi yayitali kwa zaka zisanu mpaka zisanu ndi zitatu. Pambuyo pa nthawi imeneyi, kuchuluka kwa kulephera kumawonjezeka pang'onopang'ono.

 

 

a. Kulephera kwamakina

 

Zolakwa zazikulu zotsatirazi zimakambidwa makamaka:

 

Pamene zida zimakalamba, kulephera kwa makina kumawonjezeka chaka chilichonse. M'masiku oyambirira a CT, njira yozungulira yozungulira inkagwiritsidwa ntchito pojambula, ndi liwiro lalifupi kwambiri lozungulira lomwe linasintha kuchoka ku yunifolomu kupita pang'onopang'ono ndikuyima mobwerezabwereza. Izi zinapangitsa kuti makina awonongeke kwambiri. Nkhani monga kuthamanga kosasunthika, kupota kosalamulirika, vuto la braking, ndi mavuto a lamba zinali zofala. Kuonjezera apo, kutayika kwa chingwe ndi kusweka kwachitika. Masiku ano, makina ambiri a CT amagwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wa mphete zosalala pozungulira njira imodzi, ndipo makina ena apamwamba amaphatikizanso ukadaulo wa maginito, zomwe zimachepetsa kwambiri kuwonongeka kwa makina ozungulira. Komabe, mphete zonyezimira zimabweretsa zolakwika zawo, chifukwa kukangana kwanthawi yayitali kungayambitse kusalumikizana bwino ndikuyambitsa kulephera kwamakina ndi magetsi monga kupindika kosalamulirika, kuwongolera kuthamanga kwambiri, kuyatsa (pakakhala mphete zapamwamba), komanso kulephera kuwongolera. zizindikiro (pankhani ya kufalikira kwa mphete). Kusamalira nthawi zonse ndikusintha mphete za slip ndikofunikira. Zigawo zina, monga ma X-ray collimators, nawonso amatha kulephera kwamakina monga kukakamira kapena kusawongolera, pomwe mafani amatha kulephera pakatha ntchito yayitali. Jenereta ya pulse yomwe imayang'anira ma siginecha owongolera ma mota imatha kuwonongeka kapena kuwonongeka, zomwe zimatsogolera kutayika kwamphamvu.

 

b. Zolakwika zopangidwa ndi gawo la X-ray

 

Kuwongolera makina a X-ray CT kumadalira zigawo zingapo kuphatikiza ma inverter othamanga kwambiri, otembenuza ma voltage apamwamba, machubu a X-ray, mabwalo owongolera, ndi zingwe zothamanga kwambiri. Zolakwa zambiri ndi izi:

 

Kulephera kwa machubu a X-ray: Izi zikuphatikizapo kulephera kwa anode kuzungulira, kuwonetseredwa ndi phokoso lalikulu lozungulira, ndi zochitika zazikulu zomwe kusintha kumakhala kosatheka kapena anode imakakamira, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mafunde atawonekera. Kulephera kwa filament sikungayambitse ma radiation. Kutaya kwapakati pagalasi kumabweretsa kuphulika kapena kutayikira, kuteteza kuwonetseredwa ndikupangitsa kutsika kwa vacuum ndi kuyatsa kwamphamvu kwambiri.

 

Kulephera kwa m'badwo wamagetsi apamwamba: Kuwonongeka kwa ma inverter circuit, kuwonongeka, kufupikitsa kwafupikitsa mu transformer yothamanga kwambiri, ndi kuyatsa kapena kuwonongeka kwa ma capacitor okwera kwambiri nthawi zambiri kumapangitsa fuse yofananayo kuwomba. Kuwonekera kumakhala kosatheka kapena kumasokonezedwa chifukwa cha chitetezo.

 

Kuwonongeka kwa zingwe zamphamvu kwambiri: Zomwe zimachitika nthawi zambiri zimaphatikizapo zolumikizira zotayirira zomwe zimayambitsa kuyatsa, kupitilira mphamvu, kapena mphamvu yayikulu. M'makina oyambilira a CT, kugwiritsa ntchito nthawi yayitali kumatha kung'amba ndi kung'ambika pazingwe zoyatsira magetsi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale mafupi apakati. Zolephera izi nthawi zambiri zimagwirizana ndi fuse yowombedwa.

 

c. Zolakwika zokhudzana ndi makompyuta

 

Zolephera mu gawo la makompyuta la makina a CT ndizosowa ndipo nthawi zambiri zimakhala zosavuta kukonza. Iwo makamaka amakhudza nkhani zazing'ono ndi zigawo monga kiyibodi, mbewa, trackballs, etc. Komabe, kulephera mu hard disks, tepi abulusa, ndi maginito-optical zipangizo zikhoza kuchitika chifukwa cha ntchito yaitali, ndi kuwonjezeka madera zoipa kutsogolera okwana. kuwonongeka.

 

Kuti mumve zambiri za makina a CT komanso kugwiritsa ntchito ma capacitors a ceramic okwera kwambiri pazida za X-ray, chonde pitani www.hv-caps.com.